In 1961 Daphne Milne sold the film rights to the Pooh property to the Walt Disney Company, who redesigned illustrator E. Nonetheless, he clung to life for another three years until he finally succumbed to his illness on January 31, 1956. In 1952 Milne suffered a debilitating stroke that completely incapacitated him. In 1948 Christopher married his cousin Lesley de Selincourt, which enormously disappointed his parents, who both disapproved of the match and saw their hopes that he might marry his childhood friend Anne Darlington (who appeared in as a character in Milne's two books of poetry) dashed. Christopher, always leery of his place in the Pooh pantheon, had begun to resent his family, believing he had been taken advantage of by his father. Unfortunately, his literary successes were balanced by a growing distance between Milne and his son. However, after the rise of Adolf Hitler, Milne revised one of his antiwar tracts, Peace with Honour (1934), to take account of the fact that there remained forms of tyranny that required armed opposition. A committed political Liberal, Milne campaigned ardently for an end to war. In his latter years, he became increasingly bitter over his lack of success with literature for adults. During this time, Milne enjoyed great fame, which continued thereafter, but almost exclusively on the merits of his Pooh books.
Pim Passes By ushered in the most fruitful decade of Milne's career, a period in which he wrote his four major children's books as well as his novel The Red House Mystery (1922) and several other notable publications. During World War I, Milne served as a signal officer for the British Army and composed his first play, Wurzel-Flummery, which was produced in 1917. In 1913 Milne married Dorothy Daphne De Selincourt and, seven years later, she gave birth to Christopher Robin, their only child.
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Milne first established himself as a writer of humorous essays, and out of this reputation, he was able to publish his first book, a series of fictional sketches titled Lovers in London (1905). In 1906 he was hired as an assistant editor at Punch and soon began writing a weekly column. Lehmann of the noted humorist publication Punch that Lehmann asked Milne to begin submitting sketches to the magazine. During his tenure at Cambridge, Milne edited the school magazine, Granta, and his work so impressed R. with honors in the subject from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1903. At Westminster, Milne excelled at mathematics, later earning his B.A. At age eleven, Milne was awarded a scholarship to attend the elite Westminster School in the fall of 1893. Wells and Milne would remain lifelong friends, with Wells offering his young protégé advice throughout his career. Wells, who would later go on to his own literary fame with such science-fiction classics as The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds. As a child, he attended Henley House, the preparatory school at which his father was headmaster. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATIONīorn in London on January 18, 1882, Milne was the youngest of schoolmaster John Vine Milne's three sons. Nonetheless, thanks to the legacy of Pooh, a silly and self-centered yet oddly generous bear, ruled as much by his heart as by his stomach, Milne's writing for children holds an exalted place in world literature. Barrie and Kenneth Grahame, Milne aspired to be remembered as an author of "serious" novels, essays, and plays for adults. Though his creations were judged on a level with Lewis Carroll's, and his children's works were often ranked above those of such noted contemporaries as J. Christopher Robin, Pooh, Piglet, Tigger, and the other residents of the Wood reappeared in 1928's The House at Pooh Corner. This stuffed animal-who has become one of the best known characters in Western literature-appears as the protagonist of Winnie-the-Pooh (1926), which depicts the adventures of Pooh and his animal friends in an idyllic forest known as the Hundred-Acre Wood. The latter mentions Christopher Robin by name, and several of the poems allude to the boy's prized toy bear. Ostensibly written for his young son Christopher Robin Milne, the verse volumes When We Were Very Young (1924) and Now We Are Six (1927) each consist of short, lighthearted poems for children, of which "Vespers" is perhaps the most famous. Though he wrote in a variety of genres for adult readers, Milne is remembered almost exclusively for his four notable children's books. For further information on his life and works, see CLR, Volumes 1 and 26. The following entry presents an overview of Milne's career through 1995. (Full name Alan Alexander Milne) English novelist, playwright, essayist, critic, autobiographer, and author of children's poetry and juvenile fiction.
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